Mercury Craters Look Like Cookie Monster in NASA Photo

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Fly genomes show natural selection and return to Africa

Saturday, October 13, 2012

When ancestral humans walked out of Africa tens of thousands of years ago, Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies came along with them. Now the fruit flies, widely used for genetics research, are returning to Africa and establishing new populations alongside flies that never left ? offering new insights into the forces that shape genetic variation.

That's one of the findings from two new papers published this month by researchers at the University of California, Davis, and their colleagues that describe the genomes of almost 200 strains of the tiny flies.

The work reveals strong evidence of pervasive natural selection throughout the D. melanogaster genome, said Charles Langley, professor of genetics in the Department of Evolution and Ecology at UC Davis and an author on both papers. That is in striking contrast with what is known of the human genome, which shows comparatively little evidence of adaptation over the last 100,000 years.

The overall aim of the research is to better understand the forces that shape genetic variation, Langley said. Human geneticists are working to sequence a thousand human genomes to get at the same issue. The knowledge from studying fly genetics has and will help in that effort, he said.

"Most of the theory and statistical methods in human genetics were originally motivated by studies of flies, because they're easier and faster to work with," Langley said. "Model organisms like these play a critical role in developing tools and ideas."

The first paper, published Oct. 1 in the journal Genetics, reports the genomes of 37 strains of Drosophila collected in Raleigh, N.C., and six strains from the sub-Saharan nation of Malawi. The other paper, to be published in Public Library of Science Genetics and currently available online as a preprint, describes the genomes of 139 fly strains covering 22 African and one European population.

Drosophila melanogaster, like humans, originated in Africa, and that's where they show the most genetic diversity ? just as humans do. The flies are thought to have appeared in Europe about 50,000 years ago, along with modern humans. On the way, both humans and flies squeezed through genetic bottlenecks that reduced the diversity in the population. Over generations, different fly strains evolved quite specialized niches ? such as a fondness for colonizing breweries, for example.

But the African fly genomes show that just in the past couple of decades, flies similar to those found in Europe or the U.S. have established populations back in Africa, often in new environments such as urban and industrial developments. For example, where modern breweries and bottled beer have displaced traditional African brewing, "Europeanized" brewery flies have followed.

The spread of those "European" genes is more rapid than if it were occurring by random processes, the researchers write.

"It may be that urbanization and development favor the more 'European' flies," Langley said.

###

University of California - Davis: http://www.ucdavis.edu

Thanks to University of California - Davis for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/124447/Fly_genomes_show_natural_selection_and_return_to_Africa

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Ministry says to tighten tax control on businesses - SaigonMoney.com

The Ministry of Finance has said it will enhance tax inspections at enterprises in the coming months to curb tax fraud and evasion amid concern about the rising State budget deficit, a ministry official said on Thursday.

Nguyen Duc Chi, chief of the ministry office, said: ?We will boost tax inspections at enterprises to fight transfer pricing, smuggling and trade fraud; check collections, management and use of collected fees and charges; and handle any tax fraud or evasion.?

At a press conference held by the finance ministry in Hanoi on Thursday, Chi said the State budget had overspent more than VND144.72 trillion, equivalent to some US$7 billion, as of the end of the third quarter.

In particular, the State budget collected VND498.49 trillion in the first nine months of the year, or 67.3% of the estimate, rising 1.3% against the same period last year. Meanwhile, the total spending amounted to VND643.21 trillion, 71.2% of the estimate, up 14.5% year-on-year.

The State budget deficit in the first nine months exceeded the estimated VND140 trillion for the whole year passed by the National Assembly.

Chi ascribed the lost revenue to negative impacts of protracted economic woes, sluggish finance and property markets, and tax breaks for struggling enterprises.

In response to the large deficit, the Prime Minister issued Directive 22/CT-TTg in September urging the finance ministry to strengthen tax collections in the final months of the year.

Chi said the ministry was urgently implementing the directive. ?We will send tax inspection teams to large companies and important border gates? to promptly collect arising revenues, arrears and penalties,? he said.

Tran Van Phu, deputy head of the General Department of Taxation, said tax arrears accounted for 6.8% of the total domestic tax revenue by the end of September, of which State-owned enterprises accounted for 13%.

He said: ?We will strive to reduce the percentage of tax arrears to 5% of the total domestic revenue as the State budget revenue is lower than in previous years.?

According to a report of the finance ministry, tax authorities had inspected nearly 28,350 businesses as of end-August, collecting around VND6 trillion in arrears and penalties, with some VND2.77 trillion already paid to State coffers.

Deputy Minister of Finance Vu Thi Mai said the ministry had extended incentives to non-State enterprises.

For example, the finance ministry rescheduled payments of some VND11 trillion worth of value-added tax for over 190,280 enterprises and more than VND2.9 trillion worth of corporate income tax for 71,630 payers in the second quarter. In addition, the ministry offered some 2,400 enterprises a 50% land rental cut in 2012, with the reduced amount worth VND250 billion.

At the Government meeting in September, the finance ministry proposed the Government extend value-added tax payments by three more months and the deadline for corporate tax payments to April 2013, said Mai. The finance ministry is collecting opinions of enterprises on the tax rate of 25% given in the draft amended Corporate Income Tax Law to submit to the National Assembly in November.

The Saigon Times Daily

Source: http://www.saigonmoney.com/2012/10/12/ministry-says-to-tighten-tax-control-on-businesses/

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Paul Gauguin Cruises Receives A 2012 Travel Weekly Magellan ...

Paul Gauguin Cruises Receives A 2012 Travel Weekly Magellan Award

Paul Gauguin Cruises Receives A 2012 Travel Weekly Magellan Award

Silver Winner in the Small Cruise Ship Category

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BELLEVUE, Wash., Oct. 11, 2012 - Paul Gauguin Cruises (http://www.pgcruises.com), operator of the highest-rated and longest continually sailing luxury cruise ship in the South Pacific, the m/s Paul Gauguin, and the newly acquired m/v Tere Moana, won a 2012 Silver Magellan Award in the Small Cruise Ship category from Travel Weekly.

Travel Weekly is recognized as one of the most important and influential sources of news, data, and commentary to the travel industry. The publication?s Magellan Awards is its premier awards program and represents the best in the industry, honoring a broad range of industry segments including hotels and resorts, travel destinations, cruise lines, online travel services, airlines and airports, travel agents and agencies, tour operators, and car rental companies.

A judging panel comprised of top travel professionals including Peter Greenberg, Rudy Maxa, Burt Wolf, Patricia Schultz, Johnny Jet, Bob Dickinson, Lalia Rach, and others selected the winners from more than 550 entries. The full list of winners is available at http://www.travelweeklyawards.com and is featured in the October 15, 2012, issue of Travel Weekly magazine.

Earlier this year, The Gauguin completed a $7 million renovation. The ship was thoroughly updated and redecorated for even greater luxury and comfort, reflecting the cruise line?s commitment to excellence and providing guests with the most luxurious and enriching vacation experience possible.? On December 29, 2012, Paul Gauguin Cruises launches its second ship, the 90-guest m/v Tere Moana, which will offer enchanting voyages in Europe, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

About Paul Gauguin Cruises
Owned by Pacific Beachcomber S.C., French Polynesia?s leading luxury hotel and cruise operator, Paul Gauguin Cruises operates the 5+-star cruise ship m/s Paul Gauguin, providing a deluxe cruise experience tailored to the unparalleled wonders of Tahiti, French Polynesia, and the South Pacific. The Gauguin was built at the Chantiers de l?Atlantique shipyard in Saint Nazaire, France. The ship, 513 feet long and 71 feet wide, has a draft of 16.9 feet, and can accommodate 332 guests with a staff of 217. It is one of the top Exclusive Charter and Incentive Group venues in the industry and has completed more than 570 South Pacific cruises, serving more than 176,250 guests, including more than 15,000 honeymooners, since its inaugural sail in 1998. The Gauguin has undergone more than $25 million in enhancements, with an additional $7 million completed in January 2012. The Gauguin received second place for small-ship cruise lines in Travel + Leisure?s ?2012 World?s Best Awards? andwas recognized as one of the ?Top 20 Small Cruise Ships? by readers of Conde Nast Traveler in 2012.

The cruise line?s second ship, the m/v Tere Moana, will begin sailing under the Paul Gauguin Cruises? banner in December 2012 after completing a multifaceted renovation. The ship, which will sail Europe, the Caribbean, and Latin America, is 330 feet long and 46 feet wide, has a draft of 11.5 feet, and can accommodate 90 guests with a staff of 60.

For additional information on Paul Gauguin Cruises, please visit http://www.pgcruises.com.

Media Contact:
Paul Gauguin Cruises
Vanessa Bloy, Director of Public Relations
(425) 440-6255
.(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)

SOURCE Paul Gauguin Cruises

Paul Gauguin Cruises

Web Site: http://www.travelweeklyawards.com

Number of visits: 153

Posted on Oct 11, 2012 - 08:35 PM ? Print

Source: http://www.hospitality-industry.com/index.php/news/comments/paul_gauguin_cruises_receives_a_2012_travel_weekly_magellan_award/

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BP, U.S. Justice Department close to oil spill settlement: WSJ

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Mercy High student gets perfect SAT score (Rochester Democrat and Chronicle)

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